Selama pandemi Covid-19 ini sebagian besar masyarakat mulai dari anak sekolah, mahasiswa, hingga pekerja melakukan aktivitas dari rumah secara daring. Hal ini menimbulkan rasa kejenuhan dan mulai mencari alternatif lain untuk mengisi waktu luang, salah satunya bermain game online. Akibatnya terjadi peningkatan risiko penggunaan gadget/internet secara berlebihan.
World Health Organization (WHO) sudah memberikan peringatan akan adanya risiko seperti: (a) Unhealthy sedentary lifestyles (pola hidup tidak sehat): waktu tidur yang berkurang, berubahnya pola jam tidur dan bangun, olahraga/aktivitas fisik yang kurang, pola makan yang tidak teratur, sakit kepala, nyeri leher akibat terlalu lama melihat layar handphone atau komputer; (b) Terdapat konten di internet yang berbahaya seperti kekerasan dan seksual; (c) Informasi yang tidak benar atau berlebihan tentang Covid-19 yang menimbulkan masalah kejiwaan seperti cemas, depresi, trauma psikologis; (d) Cyber bullying yang dilakukan di media sosial maupun game online interaktif; (e) Risiko menghamburkan uang melalui judi online, membeli loots, power, ability secara online saat bermain game online; dan (f) Terjadinya gaming disorder, yaitu gangguan akibat kecanduan pada game atau internet.
Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) telah menyatakan bahwa gaming disorder sebagai salah satu kategori masalah kesehatan mental pada tahun 2018 yang kemudian dimasukkan dalam International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) atau klasifikasi penyakit internasional revisi kesebelas yang disahkan pada 25 Mei 2019.
Menurut Chaidirman dkk dalam Journal of Holistic Nursing and Health Science Volume 2, No. 2, November 2019 (Hal. 33-41), pengguna aplikasi game online melalui gawai dan telah mengalami ketergantungan gawai di Indonesia tahun 2017 terindikasi sejumlah 6 juta dengan pengguna remaja kurang lebih 40%.
Dilansir dari Medical News Today, para ilmuwan sudah mengumpulkan dan merangkum hasil dari 116 studi ilmiah tentang bagaimana video game mempengaruhi otak dan perilaku seseorang. Temuan ini dipublikasikan dalam Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, yang mengungkapkan bermain video game tidak hanya mengubah kinerja otak, tetapi juga strukturnya.
Gejala Psikologis Gaming Disorder
Pengguna bisa dikatakan kecanduan game online apabila sudah mengalami beberapa gejala yang berlangsung selama 12 bulan atau lebih, yakni sebagai berikut:
- Memiliki keinginan bermain game setiap waktu.
- Merasa murung, stres, atau marah ketika tidak bisa bermain game.
- Mengalami masalah di rumah, di sekolah, atau di kantor perihal kebiasaan bermain game.
- Memiliki kebiasaan berbohong kepada orang lain karena dorongan untuk selalu bermain game.
- Berusaha untuk mengurangi atau menghentikan dalam bermain game namun gagal.
- Membutuhkan waktu semakin lama untuk mendapatkan kepuasan saat bermain game.
- Perubahan perilaku sosial seperti mengabaikan kegiatan lain seperti ibadah, makan, atau istirahat, berbicara kasar terutama kepada orang yang lebih tua, kurangnya komunikasi dengan orang tua, teman, masyarakat sekitarnya.
Selain masalah psikologis yang sudah dijabarkan, juga terdapat masalah fisik seperti mata berkunang-kunang, nyeri punggung, mudah lelah, dan untuk kasus yang sudah parah dapat mengalami gangguan saraf pada tangan karena frekuensi main yang tinggi bahkan dalam waktu yang lama.
Cara Mengatasi Kecanduan Game Online
Berikut cara yang dapat dicoba dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut:
- Membatasi waktu bermain game online. Jika kalian sebagai pengguna sering bermain game dalam waktu lama, cobalah untuk membuat jadwal dengan batasan waktu bermain, sejam per hari misalnya. Adanya jadwal yang teratur dapat membantu dalam membagi waktu antara bermain game dan menyelesaikan aktivitas lainnya.
- Mencari kegiatan baru. Untuk mengurangi keinginan dalam bermain game, kalian bisa mencoba beberapa beberapa kegiatan selain bermain game, seperti bermain alat musik, olahraga, atau membaca buku. Sehingga dapat mengalihkan perhatian kalian dari layar ponsel atau komputer. Selain itu, dengan kegiatan olahraga secara rutin juga dapat menjaga tubuh tetap sehat.
- Meletakkan perangkat game di luar kamar tidur. Kamar tidur sering dijadikan tempat untuk bermain game online, jika sudah kecanduan bisa menghabiskan waktu berjam-jam hingga larut malam dan mengganggu waktu tidur yang biasanya berdampak pada kesehatan. Untuk mengatasi kecanduan game online, sebaiknya letakkan perangkat game di luar kamar tidur. Dengan demikian, waktu bermain berkurang karena tidak ada perangkat game yang bisa langsung dijangkau.
- Bersosialisasi dengan masyarakat lainnya. Pengguna diusahakan tetap melakukan interaksi sosial pada keluarga di rumah, teman, dan masyarakat sekitar sekitar serta lebih memperhatikan lingkungan sekitar yang dinilai memberi dampak positif.
- Menjalani psikoterapi. Apabila cara-cara di atas tidak berhasil dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut, dapat berkonsultasi ke psikolog atau psikiater jika diperlukan. Dokter atau psikolog profesional akan memberikan terapi untuk membantu mengatasi gangguan tersebut. Salah satu teknik yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi gangguan kecanduan pada game online adalah terapi kognitif perilaku atau Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Meskipun gaming disorder banyak memberikan dampak negatif pada kesehatan fisik dan mental, bila pengguna menyikapinya dengan bijak dan tidak sampai meninggalkan aktivitas lain, game online juga memiliki sisi positif seperti:
- Melatih konsentrasi. Dalam hasil penelitian dari Daphne Bavelier seorang ahli saraf dari Rochester, menyatakan bahwa game dapat membantu melatih seseorang yang memiliki masalah dalam berkonsentrasi, karena proses belajar melalui game ternyata cepat diserap seseorang.
- Sebagai sumber penghasilan. Dalam permainan game online, si pengguna bisa menjual karakter yang telah dimainkan atau item yang diperlukan pengguna lainnya. Setelah melalui kesepakatan, akan langsung dilakukan transaksi pembayaran. Tentu saja hal ini bisa menguntungkan pemain.
- Game online sejatinya adalah hiburan karena dapat mengurangi stres akibat banyak aktivitas yang telah dilalui atau menghilangkan kebosanan karena kegiatan yang monoton.
Kurangi waktu bermain game online selama masa pandemi ini, manfaatkanlah dengan berbagai aktivitas fisik atau aktivitas positif lainnya, menjalankan pola hidup sehat, serta tetap mematuhi protokol kesehatan yang sudah dianjurkan pemerintah selama masa pandemi Covid-19 masih berlangsung.
Imam Sujarwanto, M.Pd.
Pembina Utama Muda
NIP 196909081997021003
Kepala SMA N 1 Margasari
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